Since 1998, southern Europe has experienced multiple incursions of different serotypes and topotypes of Bluetongue virus, a vector-borne transmitted virus, the causative agent of Bluetongue (BT), a major disease of ruminants. Some of these incursions originated from northern Africa, likely because of wind-blown dissemination of infected midges. In this report, we describe the detection and whole genome characterization of a novel BTV-3 strain identified in a symptomatic sheep in Tunisia. Sequences were immediately deposited with the GenBank Database under Accession Nos KY432369-KY432378. Alert and preparedness are requested to face the next vector seasons in northern Africa and the potential incursion of this novel strain in southern Europe arabic 11 English 57
Abdusalam Sharef Abdusalam Mahmoud(1-2021)

بكتيريا الفيبريو وهي مجموعة من البكتيريا سالبة الجرام التي تصيب في الأساس أسماك المياه المالحة والشروب. بكتيريا الفيبريو توجد بصورة كثيفة في مياه البحر الملوثة و خصوصا تلك الملوثة بمياه الصرف الصحي. في الدراسة الحالية تم عزل وتصنيف عدد أربعة عترات من ميكروب الفيبريو من أسماك المرجان العادي التي تم تجميعها من المنطقة الساحلية لطرابلس خلال موسم 2014 حتي موسم الربيع 2015 . تم تحديد هوية العترات المعزولة والتأكيد علي انها ميكروب V. Parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio alginolyticus وباستخدام بعض التقنيات البيوكيميائية التقليدية و تقنية API20E. وأكدت الاختبارات اتفاق الخصائص البيوكيميائية مع الخصائص لقياسية لذلك الميكروب و المسجلة في كتاب بيرجز المرجعي لتصنيف البكتيريا (Bergey’s Manual Bactriology) بالبحث تبين أن ميكروب V. fluvialis سجل أعلى نسبة عزل خلال موسم صيف 2014 (33.33%) وربيع 2015 (27.77%) بينما مثل ميكروب V. ulnificus اقل نسبة عزل في موسم صيف 2014 بنسبة (4.44%) وربيع 2015 (5.55%). في موسم شتاء 014 مثلت V. Parahaemolyticus أعلى نسبة إصابة (20%) بينما مثل ميكروب V. alginolyticus أقل نسبة إصابة (2.22%). بالنسبة لاختبار الحساسية وجد أن معظم ميكروب V. alginolyticus و V. Parahaemolyticus هي حساسة لكل من الدوكسيسيكلين و البوليميكسين و مقاومة لكل من الاوكسيتيتر اسكين و الفلورفينيكول و الا مبيسيلين. و على الرغم من ذلك فإن ميكروب V. fluvialis أثبت حساسية كل المضادات الحيوية المستخدمة باستثناء الأمبيسيلين بينما أثبتت الاختبارات حساسية ميكروب Vibrio vulnificus لكل من الدوكسيسيكلين و البوليميكسينو الاوكسيتيتر اسكلين و مقاومة للفلورفينيكول و السلفاميثاكسازول- تراميثوبريم و الأمبيسلين و الذي يظهر اختلافا ملحوظا عن باقي العزلات البكتيرية. و في المجمل فإن النتائج تعطى مؤشر عن ازدياد مستمر للتلوث بمياه الصرف الصحي في معظم أماكن تجميع العينات في المنطقة الممتدة من تاجوراء حتى جنزور على الشاطئ الغربي لمدينة طرابلس ليبيا. Abstract: Vibrios are a group of Gram negative septicemic bacteria that mainly affect marine and estuarine fishes. Vibrios are ubiquitous in environmentally polluted seawater with especial reference to municipal sewage. In the current study, four main species of Vibrios have been frequently isolated / identified from the Common Pandora fish (Pagellus erythrinus) collected through summer 2014 to spring 2015. The identities of the retrieved isolates were confirmed as Vibrio vulnificus (V.vulnificus), Vibrio Parahaemolyticus (V. Parahaemolyticus), Vibrio fluvialis (V.fluvialis) and Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) depending on their morphochemical results obtained from the adopted conventional and semi-automated biochemical tests (API20E). All isolates were consistent with the standard criteria of the aforementioned Vibrio species stated by the Bergey's Manual of Systemic Bacteriology. The research has revealed that V. fluvialis was the highest isolated species (33.33%) in Summer 2014 and Spring 2015(27.77%), while V. vulnificus was the lowest isolated through summer 2014 (4.44%) and spring 2015(5.55%) . In winter season 2014, V. Parahaemolyticus presented the highest percentage of infection (20%), while V. alginolyticus was associated with the lowest percentage of infection (2.22%). Antibiogram has revealed that most of the retrieved V. alginolyticus and V.Parahaemolyticus were sensitive to Doxycyclin and Polymyxin and resistant to Oxytetracyclin, Florfenicol and Ampicillin. However V. fluvialis isolate were sensitive to all tested antibiotics with the exception of Ampicillin. Interestingly V.vulnificus were sensitive to Doxycyclin, Polymyxin, Oxytetracyclin, while resistant to Florfenicol, Sulfamethoxzole -trimethoprim and Ampicillin, which is remarkably different from the antibiogram recorded for other retrieved Vibrio species. Conclusively, the achieved results throughout the current study is indicative of a consistently growing municipal sewage pollution across the sampling sites extending from Tajoura to Janzour at the western coast of Tripoli, Libya.
محمد بشير منصور التكالي (2015)

Background: Whole muscle meat, meat products, and seafood contain different nutrients in adequate quantity providing a better environment for presence and replication of different microorganisms. There are underreported and inaccurate estimations of foodborne diseases due to the lack of effective surveillance systems in Libya. Aim: To determine the extent of microbiological contamination of whole muscle meat, meat products, and seafood. Methods: A total number of 731 samples of retail meat were collected from different stores in four cities in Libya. Samples were analyzed for aerobic plate count and subjected to microbiological enumeration and isolation techniques, followed by molecular identification by PCR and partial sequencing of 16S rDNA. Results: The results showed contamination of samples with enteric and spoilage bacteria. Fifteen genera of spoilage bacteria yielded 149 isolates which were detected and identified by PCR and partial sequencing of 16S rDNA as: Proteus spp., Provedencia spp., Raouttella ornithinolytical, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Morganella morgi, Shewanella algea, Rhodobacter capsulatus, Listonella pelagia, Kluyvera spp., Pectobacterium spp., Brenneria spp., Klebsiella spp., Acintobacter radioresistens, and Pantoea spp. While for pathogenic bacteria, 143 isolates distributed among nine genera were identified by PCR and partial sequencing of 16S rDNA as: Bacillus spp., Escherichia spp., Shigella spp., Enterococci spp., Cronobacter spp., Staphylococci spp., Salmonella spp., Aeromonas spp., and Vibrio spp.. Many isolated bacteria are zoonotic bacteria with high importance for public health. Conclusion: Excessive handling and processing of meat and meat products seems to be one of the poorest microbiological qualities. These findings ought to be helpful in risk assessments and quality assurance of meat in order to improve food safety.
Salah M. Azwai(1-2020)