Abstract The use of antibiotics as growth promotors to enhance animal production is banned in many countries around the world due to antimicrobial resistance. There is a need therefore, for new alternatives to antibiotics in medicine and veterinary medicine practices. The antibacterial activity of clove oil and some antibiotics were tested in vitro against three isolates of E. coli {1 avian pathogenic (E. coli 6.2) and 2 non-pathogenic (E. coli 6.1 and E. coli X)}, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella spp., by disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. All bacteria tested showed intermediate susceptibility to clove oil using disk diffusion method except the non-pathogenic E.coli 6.1. The inhibition zones measured were 0mm, 12mm, 13mm, 15mm and 15mm for E. coli 6.1, E. coli 6.2, E. coli X, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella spp., respectively. E. coli 6.1 was resistant to Ampicillin, and Lincomycin with multi antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.2. E. coli 6.2 was resistant to Ampicillin, Doxycyclin and Lincomycin with MAR index of 0.3. E. coli X was resistant to Ampicillin and Colistin with MAR index of 0.2. Salmonella enteritidis was resistant to Amoxycillin/Clavulinic acid, Ampicillin and Lincomycin with MAR index of 0.3. Salmonella spp was susceptible only to Neomycin but was resistant to 9 out of 10 antibiotics with very high MAR index of 0.9. The MICs of clove oil were 6.25mg/ml for the avian pathogenic E. coli and 3.12mg/ml for non-pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. and 12.5mg/ml for Salmonella enteritidis. It is concluded that clove oil has promising antibacterial activity and more studies are needed to investigate its in vivo activity as alternative to antibiotics in poultry arabic 13 English 85
Abdulwahab Kammon, Ali Almaeyoufi , Abdulatif Asheg(7-2019)

This study involved a herd consisting of 200 goats in Green Mountain area, suffering from decrease in weight gain, bloody diarrhoea and severe anaemia and in some cases death within few days. Generally, there was no response to the treatment with antibiotics, anthelmentics and multivitamins. The last animal that died was submitted for post-mortem examination. The disease affecting the herd was diagnosed as coccidiosis. This is the first report of caprine coccidiosis in the Green Mountain Area in Libya.
Abdulwahab Kammon(4-2015)

Introduction: A total of 32 young (1-3 months-old) lambs suffered from mortal neurological signs in a period of three months. The lambs were among the offspring of a herd of 300 sheep, in Tarhouna city, Libya. The affected lambs were initially treated with antibiotics, multivitamins and mineral supplements, however, none of these treatments attenuated the death toll among the small lambs. Methods: Three lamb carcasses were submitted to the National Center for Animal Health (NCAH) for post mortem examination. Gross pathological examination of the brains detected hydatid cysts and yellowish lesions within the cerebral cortex. Results: The histopathologic examination of the brain showed the presence of inflammatory lesions and necrotic features surrounded by granulomatous inflammatory patterns, which are accompanied by a few parasitic cysts. Ordinary and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stains for bacterial infection were performed, but the results did not strongly indicate bacterial infection. Toxoplasmosis, particularly T. gondii, and Neospora were first suspected. Immunohistochemistry testing for T. gondii did not show any conclusive indication for the presence of this pathogen. However, meticulous microscopic examination (100x) of the histopathologic features and the patterns of host-pathogen interaction of toxoplasmosis indicate that these lambs may have suffered from necrotic encephalitis associated with a different type of toxoplasmosis.
Abdulwahab Kammon(10-2021)