Background: This study was conducted to investigate the presence of Bacillus cereus in meat, meat products and some seafood in Libya. Materials and Methods: A hundred and thirty one samples were collected from different geographic localities in Libya. The samples were subjected to microbiological analysis for enumeration and isolation of B. cereus by conventional cultural, biochemical and molecular identification by using PCR and partial sequencing of 16S rDNA techniques. Results: Out of 131 samples, only 38 (29%) isolates were found to be B. cereus based on their cultural characteristics on MYP medium, that included 30% beef, 38.2% beef products (minced, burger, kabab and sausage), 31.8% camel meat and 48% chicken products (burger, sausage, kabab and liver). However, B. cereus was not detected from mutton and seafood samples. Seventeen isolates were subjected to molecular identification by using PCR and partial sequencing of 16S rDNA technique and confirmed to be B. cereus. The confirmed B. cereus strains tested for their antibiotic sensitivity profiles and showed high percentage of multi-resistance phenotype. Conclusions: The results provide better understanding of B. cereus isolated from food of animal origin in Libya and suggest that meat and meat products might play an important role in the spreading of B. cereus through the food chain with antimicrobial resistance characteristics.
Salah M.Azwai(1-2018)

Abstract Background: Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) are an emerging global problem with serious public health concern. Aims: This study investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Staphylococcus species isolated from healthy and clinical cats and dogs. Methods: Nasal swab samples were collected from animals and processed using selective and semi-selective mediums. Presumptive isolates were subjected to biochemical testing and analyzed using the Phoenix automated identification and susceptibility testing system. PCRs protocols were used to screen for mecA and pvl genes. Results: In total, 151 pets (103 cats and 48 dogs) were enrolled, of which 14 dogs (29%) and 24 cats (23%) were colonized with various Staphylococcus species mainly originated from healthy animals. A total of 38 staphylococci isolates were collected and distributed between 24 coagulase-negative and 14 coagulase-positive staphylococci. Only 13 staphylococci strains were identified as MRS, out of which only five isolates expressed that the mecA gene exclusively originated from healthy pets. Conclusion: This is the first study reporting the prevalence and colonization status of staphylococci species and MRS strains isolated from cats and dogs in Libya. The study reports important information of medical and clinical importance on antimicrobial and multidrug resistance of different staphylococci strains, particularly the coagulase negative species. Keywords: Coagulase-negative staphylococci; Libya; Staphylococcus; mecA gene; pet animals.
Mohamed O. Ahmed, Et Al.(1-2021)

تهدف هذه الدراسة للتحقق من تأثير إضافة خميرة الخبز والمضاد الحيوي (اكسي تتراسيكلين) في الأعلاف الملوثة بسم الافلاتوكسين بمعدل 450 ميكروجرام / كجم وذلك على كفاءة أداء الطير معدل هضم العناصر الغذائية كالبروتين ، الدهن ، الألياف والمستخلص الخالي من النيتروجين كذلك شملت الدراسة مدى التأثير على ظهور الأعراض الجانبية للافلاتوكسين من ذلك حجم الكبد، القلب، القلنسوة ، جزء مقطعي من الأمعاء الرفيعة وكذلك حجم كرات الدم المرصوصة ( PCV ) والكيس الزلالي (Borsa). استعملت في هذه الدراسة 400 كتكوت عمر يوم وذلك في تجربتين الأولى 100 كتكوت والثانية 300 كتكوت . قسمت الكتاكيت في كل تجربة إلى خمسة مجموعات (الأولى 5 معاملات في 3 مكررات في 10 كتاكيت) والثانية (5 معاملات في 3 مكررات في 20 كتكوت). الخمسة معاملات عبارة عن معاملة تحكيم هذه المجموعة أعطيت علف تسمين لحم (22% بروتين) أما الأربع المعاملات الأخرى أعطيت الكتاكيت علف تسمين لحم + افلاتوكسين 450 ميكروجرام/كجم ، المجموعة الثانية – علف تسمين لحم + افلاتوكسين + خميرة خبز3 جرام/كجم المجموعة الثالثة- علف تسمين لحم + اكسي تتراسيكلين 100 جرام لكل 1طن من العلف مجموعة رابعة – علف تسمين لحم + خميرة خبز + اكسي تتراسيكلين مجموعة خامسة. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود تضخم في وجود أحجام الكبد نتيجة للتلوث الافلاتوكسينى سواء في المجموعة الثانية والمجموعة الرابعة. انخفضت نسبة حجم كرات الدم المرصوصة PCV وحجم الكيس الزلالي Bursa في وجود الافلاتوكسين بينما ارتفع وتحسن في وجود الخميرة والمضاد الحيوي. انخفض معدل هضم البروتين ، الدهن ، الألياف والمستخلص الخالي من النيتروجين بينما تحسن تحسناً ملحوظاً في وجود المعاملة بالخميرة والتتراسكلين مع بعض. على الرغم من عدم ظهور اختلافات معنوية في أوزان الطيور ولا الاستهلاك الغذائي نتيجة المعاملات إلا أن النتائج أوضحت أن أوزان الطيور انخفضت نتيجة الافلاتوكسين وتحسنت مع المجموعات المعاملة بالخميرة والتتراسيكلين وقد انعكس ذلك على الكفاءة التحويلية الغذائية للطير أيضاً. نتائج الدراسة تؤكد أنه بالإمكان السيطرة والتحكم والتقليل من الأثار المختلفة الناجمة عند تلوث الأعلاف بسم الافلاتوكسين وذلك إذا استعنا بإضافة خميرة الخبز بنسبة 3%. Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of adding baker yeast (BY), oxytetratracycline (OTC) and both BY + OTC to a control diet containing 450 ug/g of aflatoxin B (C + AF) on performance, digestibility of feed nutrients (protein, fat, fiber and nitrogen free extract), the weights of internal organs (Liver, heart, gizzard, spleen, bursa and small intestine) and on the Packed cell volum to record the alterations of broilers. A total 400 chicks were used in two experiments 100 chicks in the first experiment (5 treatmens X 10 birds X 2 replicates) and 300 in the second one ( 5 treatments X 20 birds X 3 replicates). Chicks were divided into five groups control and four treatments in individual cages and each containing assigned birds. BY, a rich source of protein and vitamin B complex, was mixed into the diets at 3.0 %, as well OTC was mixed into the diet at 100g per 1 ton of feed. Feed consumption, body weight and feed efficiency were recorded weekly. The weight of body organs (liver, heat, spleen, gizzard, bursa and small intestine) were determined at the end of the study. Dead animals were recorded daily. Liver changes were clearly apparent in the C+AF and C+ AF+OTC most of the livers were enlarged. The Packed cell volume (PCV) was decreased in C+AF an increase was observed when BY and OTC was added in the feed. The digestibility of protein, fat, fiber and nitrogen free extract were determined. The digestibility in general was lowered in the C+AF. An improvement in the digestibility was gained in C+ AF+BY, C+ AF+OTC and combination of BY+OTC When compared to the (C+AF) group the weight of bursa, appear to be significantly decreased in the C+AF while the weight was invreased in C+BY+ AF and C+BY+OTC groups. Feed consumption and body weight were not significantly different although it was reduced in group AF. Birds receiving BY + AF, OTC + AF and BY + OTC + AF had a significantly higher body weight than group C+AF. Feed efficiency was better in group C+AF+BY and C+AF+OTC than the others. The findings of this research suggest that BY (3%) can partly counteract some of the toxic effects of AF.
هندة مختار محمد أبوالقاسم (2008)