تتمثل مشكلة هذا البحث في الإجابة على التساؤلات التالية:- 1. كيف تنمو البنيات المعرفية ويكتسب الفرد المعرفة من منظور بياجيه؟ 2. ماهي مراحل النمو العقلي المعرفي وفق نظرية بياجيه؟ يهدف هذا البحث إلى الآتي: التعرف على آلية اكتساب الفرد للمعارف والخبرات وتكوين البنيات المعرفية الجديدة، والكشف عن مراحل النمو العقلي المعرفي وفق تقسيم العالم بياجيه. arabic 90 English 66
مسعودة مفتاح أحمد عبدالرحمن الحسيني(1-2018)

The paper discusses how L2 writers use their L1 while writing in L2. It investigates L1use in L2 by exploring the results of ten studies that examined it from different perspectives and in different contexts. By introducing the results of L1 use by L2 writers,ESL/EFL teachers will play a great role by helping students use their L1 positively andavoid the negative impacts of L1 use. This kind of research is of significance because thestudied research results showed that further research is needed in this area. This reviewwill provide a basis for ideas to investigate L1 use in L2 writing.The paper focuses on an important skill in English language teaching which is writing.The focus of the paper is L1 use which has been considered as taboo. This would targetthe interest of most of HLT audience, especially writing teachers. The main mission is tointroduce the role of L1 use in L2 writing. This paper reviews the second language (L2)writers’ use of the first language (L1) while composing in the second language (L2) inten studies. Those studies looked at three proficiency groups that included adult high- proficient, intermediate, and low-proficient writer’s use of L1. The results indicated thatL1 is used frequently while writing in L2 by translating, language-switching, and backtracking. It was also noticed that L1 use had positive effects on L2 text. arabic 11 English 66
Entisar ALi Hadi Elsherif(12-2012)

In this study 10 guaianolide-type sesquiterpene g-lactones named amphoricarpolides, isolated from the aerial parts of two endemic subspecies of Amphoricarpos neumayeri (ssp. neumayeri and ssp. murbeckii Bošnjak), were investigated by means of reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography. Methanol–water and tetrahydrofuran–water binary mixtures were used as mobile phase in order to determine lipophilicity parameters RM0 and C0. Some of the investigated compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity against HeLa and B16 cells. Chromatographically obtained lipophilicity parameters were correlated with calculated logP values and IC50 values. Principal component analysis identified the dominant pattern in the chromatographically obtained data.
ABUBAKER A BASHIR ATRROG(9-2008)