Accumulating evidence indicates the role of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) in many pathological conditions. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition has potential for the treatment of many diseases/abnormalities. Using a mouse BPA exposure model, this study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of the Food and Drug Administration–approved HDAC2 inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) against BPA-induced liver pathology. We randomly divided 30 adult male Swiss albino mice (8 weeks old; N = 6) into five groups: group 1, no treatment (sham control (SC)); group 2, only oral sterile corn oil (vehicle control (VC)); group 3, 4 mg/kg/day of oral BPA (single dose (BPA group)); group 4, 0.4% oral VPA (VPA group); and group 5, oral BPA + VPA (BPA + VPA group). At the age of 10 weeks, the mice were euthanized for biochemical and histological examinations. BPA promoted a significant decrease in the body weight (BW), an increase in the liver weight, and a significant increase in the levels of liver damage markers aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the BPA group compared to SC, as well as pathological changes in liver tissue. We also found an increase in the rate of apoptosis among hepatocytes. In addition, BPA significantly increased the levels of oxidative stress indices, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonylation but decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the BPA group compared to SC. In contrast, treatment with the HDAC2 inhibitor VPA significantly attenuated liver pathology, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and also enhanced GSH levels in VPA group and BPA + VPA group. The HDAC2 inhibitor VPA protects mice against BPA-induced liver pathology, likely by inhibiting oxidative stress and enhancing the levels of antioxidant-reduced GSH.
Mohamed A. Al-Griw, Zaynab Osama Alshibani, Rabia Omar abdullah Alghazeer, Mohamed Elhensheri, Refaat. M. Tabagh, Areej A. Eskandrani, Wafa S. Alansari, Mahmoud M. Habibulla, Ghalia Shamlan(6-2022)

Preterm neonates are highly vulnerable and most susceptible to Infections. Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) infection is an increasing problem among hospitalized neonates. It is showing periodic and geographic variations in the distribution and antibiotics resistance which necessitate continuous surveillance. In present study surveillance of Gram-negative bacterial colonization and infection among preterm neonates was carried out between July, 2008 and January, 2009 at AL Jala Hospital of Obstetric and Gynecology, Tripoli. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Gram negative infections among preterm neonates, correlate colonization with the onset of subsequent infection, and to determine the antibiotics susceptibility of Gram-negative isolates. Surveillance swabs from mouth, nose, rectum, axilla and umbilicus were collected from 112 preterm neonates twice at first week, the first swab was taken before the preterm receive any antibiotics, then once per week. Clinical samples from preterm neonates who developed infection were collected according to the site of suspected infection. Samples transport, isolation and identification of GNB were conducted according to standard microbiological methods. Infection is the cause of death in 25% of cases. 19.6% of neonates colonized at the first day, 63.2% at third day and 66.7% at the second week. 25 of 74 colonized neonates and one of 38 noncolonized neonates developed infection. Rectum was the commonest site of colonization. A. baumannii is a permanent colonizer, K. pneumoniae and E. coli are early colonizers and E. cloacae and Pseudomonas spp. are late colonizers. Isolates specially K. pneumoniae and E. coli showed high resistance to most used antibiotics mainly ampicillin and gentamicin. 26 (23%) neonates developed infection mainly caused by E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Only eight cases using microbiological culture proved infections. In conclusion Gram-negative infection could be a major cause of death among preterm neonates. Acquisition of GNB increased with hospitalization and it is an important step in developing infection. Preterm neonates were heavily colonized at 3rd day of hospitalization by most GNB. K. pneumoniae and E. coli were found to be the most resistant strain to antibiotics and were associated with high rate of infection. Rectum could be used as a surveillance site instead of the other sites.
زينب عبد الله كريمه (2013)

Every organism has deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) within their cells. DNA is a complex molecule that contains all of the information needed to build and maintain living organisms. Extraction of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is one of the most basic and critical steps affecting molecular-based techniques in the study of DNA that allow vast advances in genetic, molecular biology, biotechnology, forensic, and bioinformatics laboratories. Therefore, researchers have been used different modified and optimized protocols for efficient genomic DNA extraction from biological samples. Due to the high amount of genetic material in whole blood samples so it's one of the main sources used to obtain DNA and there are many different protocols available in this issue. In the present study, we optimized, evaluated by comparison to phenol-chloroform (traditional method) and silica column (QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit) DNA extraction procedures. The extracted DNA by these protocols was analyzed according to their time consuming, quality, quantity, cost and toxicity. Extracted DNA with current protocol was qualified using gel electrophoresis, Nanodrop spectrophotometric analysis. Our results showed that there are not significantly differences between these methods about DNA Purity (A260/A280) and DNA yield (ng DNA/μl). In addition, phenol/chloroform (traditional method) was the most toxic method; it takes more time but cheaper than other method; it yielded reasonably good quantities of good quality DNA and would be suitable for large-scale genotyping of blood samples. The silica column method (QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit) was the most expensive among the other method but the least extraction time was required and it was the safest method. arabic 11 English 69
Ghada Salem, Ahmed Zaid(1-2018)