إن حماية البيانات أصبحت حاجة ملحة بسبب انتشار استخدام تقنية الحاسبات والانترنت، لأداء الكثير من الأعمال التي يكون بعضها حرج أمنيا، وهذا أدى إلى ضرورة وضع آليات أمن للمعلومات لتخدم أنواع الأعمال المختلفة حسب مستوى الأمن الذي تتطلبه، إن احد الآليات المستخدمة لتحقيق امن النظم التي تعتمد على الحاسوب هو تشفير البيانات. وفي هذا البحث تم تصنيف الأنواع المختلفة لمخططات التشفير حسب خدمة الأمن التي توفرها، ثم تقييم خوارزميات التشفير القياسية وفق خدمة الأمن التي توفرها، وتم التقييم استنادا على بارامترات الأمن لكل نوع من أنواع التشفير (التشفير بالمفتاح السري، التشفير بالمفتاح العام، دوال الهرس) ويخلص تقييم كل نوع من أنواع التشفير الثلاثة إلى نموذج إرشادي لتحديد أي الخوارزميات الأكثر ملائمة لتحقيق خدمة الأمن التي يوفرها (حيث يحقق تشفير البيانات خدمات الأمن: السرية، التحقق، السلامة). كما تم مقارنة نتائج كل نموذج إرشادي خلص إليه تقييم خوارزميات التشفير، وفقا للمتطلب الأمني الذي يحققه، مع بروتوكولات التشفير القياسية المستخدمة ضمن طبقات بروتوكول السيطرة على الإرسال والانترنت القياسي. Abstract The data protection has become a pressing need because of the widespread use of the computers technology and the Internet to perform numerous business requirements that have some critical security. However, this led to the need to develop mechanisms for the security of information to serve the different types of businesses depending on the level of security required. One of the mechanisms used to achieve the security of the systems that rely on computers is the encryption of data.In this research, the different types of encryption schemes have been classified based on the security service they provide, followed by the evaluation of the standard encryption algorithms according to the security services they also provide. The evaluation is carried out based on the security parameters for each type of encryption namely the Secret Key Encryption, the Public Key Encryption, and the Hash Functions. Resulting in, for each of these types of encryption, a pilot model is produced to determine which algorithm provides the most appropriate security services (i.e data encryption provides the security services: secrecy, authentication, integrity).The results of each pilot model that are resulted in the evaluation of the encryption algorithms have been compared according to the required security level that each model achieves, this task is accomplished together with the standard encryption protocols used within the layers of the standard Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Keywords: Network Security, Cryptography, Secret-Key Cryptography, Public-Key Cryptography, Hash Functions Cryptography, Confidentiality, Integrity, Authentication.
آمنة على عبد السلام محمد (2011)

Abstract In this work, study was performed using Amorphous polymer – based composites consisting of polystyrene (PS) and carbon black (CB) . Five samples have been prepared with different weight percentage which are (0%CB+100%PS) , (5%CB+95%PS) , (15%CB+85%PS) , (25%CB+75%PS) and (35%CB+65%PS) . The electrical properties have been studied for these samples as follows : Electrical conductivity , relative dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent were measured at alternating electric field in temperature range between (30C°) and (60C°) and at four different constant frequencies (100HZ, 1KHZ, 10KHZ and 100KHZ ) . It is noted that the highest value of alternating electrical conductivity at (30C°) is for the sample of composition (25%CB+75%PS) which was (1.25x10 S/m ) and the highest value at temperature (60C°) was for same sample with value of (3.2x10 S/m ) , it should be noted that in general the electrical conductivity increases as the temperature increases where this result shows the behaviour of semiconductors. The relative dielectric constant in the pure sample (0%CB+100%PS) and the other samples with low percentage of carbon black increases as the temperature increases however it decreases as frequency increases. And the samples with higher percentage of carbon black which are (25%CB+75%PS) and (35%CB+65%PS) it was noted that the relative dielectric constant decreases as temperature increases. The lowest value was (1.26) at temperature (30C°) and frequency (10KHZ) for the sample with composition of (15%CB+85%PS), while the highest value at same temperature is (410.2) at (100HZ) for the sample with composition of (25%CB+75%PS), for the relative dielectric constant the highest result it was for the sample (5%CB+95%PS) at (607) at (100HZ) and (45C°). The dielectric loss tangent increases as the carbon black increases in all samples and it was found that the temperature influence will be at high percentage of the carbon black where the temperature of (55C°) the dielectric loss tangent increased to the highest value (1.2X10 ) for the sample of composition (35%CB+65%PS). at the high level of the carbon black it was found that the dielectric loss tangent decreases as the frequency increases.
عادل محمد التميمي (2013)

Abstract This study was carried out to evaluate the exposure of lead (Pb) to some workers in Ash-Shoula lead acid battery Factory, Tajoura, Libya on the basis of concentrations of Pb in blood, hair, and nails. This study was done to explain, if accumulation of Pb could affect the concentration of essential liver enzymes, renal excretion, and some of hematological parameters. Study samples were based on, the number of years of work in battery manufactory, six work periods were constituted (< 5, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, >25 years). Workers were selected from seven different departments of the battery manufactory. Pb concentration in the collected samples were measured by using atomic absorption Spectroscopy. The statistical analysis were performed using SPSS software, version 20. The parametric tests (one-way ANOVA, t-test, and 2-tailed person Correlations) where P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.Blood lead level was found high ranging from 9.9-60.3 μg/dl with a mean of 25.3 μg/dl and was found to be less in control group, ranging from 2.5-24.6 μg/dl with a mean of 11.8 μg/dl. The values of hair lead level were found to be ranging from 8.2-36.8 μg/g, with a mean of 21.1 μg/g and this was significantly higher than the control group (P
يوسف مسعود العزابي (2015)