طالما أن الفرد والمجتمع متلازمان ولا ينفصلان، فإنه يجب تنظيم العلاقة بين سلطة الدولة وحريات الأفراد وبما أن ،في المجتمع الدستور يمثل وسيلة الحكم الديمقراطي في المجتمعات المتقدمة، فعليه تقع مهمة تنظيم هذه العلاقة تحيل كونه يس تصور مجتمع بشري بدون تشريع، فالرابطة الاجتماعية هي رابطة قانونية قبل كل شيء وحيث يكون المجتمع يكون القانون. وفي الواقع، لا تكون حماية ممارسة الحريات العامة دائما وفي كل مكان بنفس الطريقة، حتى داخل الدولة كما أن ال ،الواحدة حلول تختلف تبعا للحريات المعنية، أي تبعا للنشاط الإنساني المعني، وأنماط تنظيمها لا يقع دائما على ذات المستوى ، وإنما يتغير تبعا للحالات العادية التي يكون فيها المجتمع والظروف الاستثنائية التي تمر .بها البلاد لذلك فإن أساليب تنظيم الحرية ليست واحدة فقد تكون عن طريق الدستور أو القانون كما قد تكون عن طريق القرارات الإدارية التنظيمية .
حسام علي الحاج (6-2019)

Abstract Introduction: Provisional restoration is an important part of fixed prosthodontics. It must provide pulp protection, positional stability, occlusion maintenance , and space preservation. There are two methods for provisional restoration fabrication; direct and indirect techniques. Aim: the study aims to identify the most preferred technique of fabricating provisional fixed restorations according to different parameters and situations and to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, by specialist dentists practicing in different dental clinics in Tripoli. Methodology: In this study, 120 closed ended questionnaires were distributed to specialist dentists in dental fixed restoration among different private dental clinics in Tripoli/Libya to find out which technique they prefer to apply in their clinics. Results: This study has revealed that dentists prefer the direct technique for the anterior area and single unit and up to 3-4 units fixed partial denture. While indirect technique was more commonly used by dentists in cases of multi-units and posterior teeth. In addition, it has a higher success rate and does not cause pulpal and gingival irritation.
NARJES ELGHEZAWI HANAN IRHOMA , ABDUSSALAM ELJABALI (7-2021)

Background: The concept of pharmacovigilance is not well known in Libya and its practice is still in the early stages. Aims: This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pharmacists in Tripoli, Libya about pharmacovigilance and the reporting of adverse drug reactions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to February 2020 of working pharmacists randomly selected from pharmacies in Tripoli. Participants were eligible for inclusion if they had a degree or diploma in pharmacy from a recognized university or institute. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Results: Of 500 pharmacists selected, 408 completed the questionnaire. The pharmacists' knowledge of pharmacovigilance and reporting of adverse drug reactions was poor overall: only 28.9% correctly defined pharmacovigilance and 14.7% knew about the existence of a centre for pharmacovigilance in Libya. The attitudes of the pharmacists to pharmacovigilance was positive: 77.2% believed that pharmacovigilance needed to be included in the pharmacy curriculum and 73.0% said that they would practice pharmacovigilance if trained. Pharmacists depended mostly on drug information leaflets to update their knowledge on adverse drug reactions. Conclusion: Given the pharmacists' low level of knowledge about pharmacovigilance but their readiness to become involved if trained, training programmes should be introduced for practising pharmacists to improve their knowledge and encourage their active participation in pharmacovigilance. Regulators need to reinforce the importance of reporting adverse drug reactions and implement pharmacovigilance policies in the Libyan health care system.
Ahmed Elbadri M Atia(7-2021)