This book presents the soil pedodiversity in Libya. Soils are the source of all life; there can be no life without them. Further, each soil has its own history and its present conditions, which have been shaped by many different factors (e.g. climate, biota, parent material, and relief or topography). The book, divided into eight chapters, provides extensive information on Libyan soils. Chapter one provides an introduction and a broad perspective of the subject, while Chapter two covers the history of soil mapping and research in Libya. Chapter three focuses on local factors of soil formation and describes the geology and climate of the region to explain the diversity of its soils. Chapter four discusses soil classification systems and those most commonly used in the country. The fifth chapter illustrates the constraints and limiting factors that negatively affect agricultural activities across the country. The land cover/land use and the vegetation of the country are described in Chapter six. In turn, Chapter seven presents the status quo of soil biology, the corresponding related research activities, and the other biological properties of Libyan soils. The final chapter (Chapter eight) focus on land degradation and desertification in Libya, emphasizing the main causes, impacts of the phenomena, and efforts to combat it. This book demonstrates the problems that the country is currently facing as a result of climate change, soil erosion, salinization, and pollution, and outlines potential remedies to improve local food security. Bringing together the perspectives and expertise of many distinguished scientists from various universities and institutions in and outside of Libya, the book represents a unique and highly valuable resource. arabic 3 English 15
Hamdi Zurqani, Khaled Ben Mohamed, Azzeddin Elhawej, Mukhtar Elaalem, Bashir Nwer, Az Ali, Eman Ferjani, Merfat Ben Mahmoud, Asma Alnajjar(12-2020)

The Effect of Urea Treated Straws and Urea-Molasses Feed Blocks (UMB) on Reproductive Performance of Libyan Barbary Sheep Mabruk, H.S.1, H .A. Salim1, A. E. Benshaban2, A.E. Ahtash1, H.E.Daeky3 and Z.N. Elmeshabic3 1Animal production Department- Faculty of Agric./Univ. of Tripoli - Libya. 2Ministry of Agriculture/Tripoli – Libya, 3Research station of Faculty of Agric. / Univ. of Tripoli- Libya. Corresponding email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of urea treated straws and urea-molasses feed blocks (UMB) on reproductive performance of Libyan Barbary sheep. Total of 78 head of weaned females Barbary sheep were assigned randomly to four groups. Control group received untreated straws, group 1 received straws treated with urea, group 2 received untreated straws in addition to urea- molasses feed blocks (UMB),and group 3 received straws treated with urea plus UMB. The straws were treated with urea (4%). Blood samples were collected for the analysis of progesterone hormone to detect the ovarian activity. The average concentration of progesterone for the three months of age (the seventh, eighth and ninth) was significantly different (P≤0.05 ) between the control (1.47 ng/ml) and the first group (1.76 ng/ml ), and between the second (1.24 ng/ml) and each of the control and first groups and also between the first and the third group (1.56 ng/ml), were it was not significant between the control and the third group. The results showed the percentage of animals reached puberty during the period of taking blood samples, where the female lambs in the first group recorded highest percentage of puberty during the seventh and eighth month of age (33.3%) and (28.57%) respectively, followed by the third group (31.57%) and (26.33%). The study showed highest conception rate, lambing % and twining % in the first group 33.3%, 38%, 4.7% followed by the third group 21, 21%, 0% respectively. The results also showed no significant differences (P≤0.05) in the birth weight of new born lambs between groups. The averages weights were 3.76, 3.63, 3.11 and 3.82 kg in the control, first, second and third groups, respectively. It is clear that urea has no negative effect on the reproductive performance, and can be used safely to increase the nutritional value of the straws. Keywords: Sheep, straw, Urea, Progesterone.
Hassan Mabrouk, Abdulkarim Ahtash, Hussein Salim, Hassan Deaky(1-2020)

نفذت تجربة حقلية بمحط ة أبحاث المحاصيل بكلية الز ا رعة - جامعة ط ا ربلس خلال الموسم الز ا رعي ٢٠١٨ . لد ا رسة وتقييم أداء عدد من أصناف القمح السداسي (قمح الخبز) المستنبطة من مركز البحوث /٢٠١٧ - الز ا رعية بليبيا خلال م ا رحل زمنية متعددة وهي (أبو الجود - أبو الخير – مكاوي – سبها – زلاف - مسعود ٧ جرمه - بحوث ٢١٠ )، من خلال تحليل خصائص النمو والإنتاج في الموسم. صممت الد ا رسة وفق التصميم بثلات مكر ا رت لكل صنف. (RCBD) الاحصائي القطاعات كاملة العشوائية أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق معنوية بين الأصناف في الصفات المفتاحية الرئيسية عند مستوى معنوية ٥% وهي: نسبة الأنبات (%) و ارتفاع النبات (سم) و عدد الاشطاء الخصبة بالنبات و طول حامل السنبلة والسفا (سم) و وزن السنابل بالنبات و بالمتر المربع (جم) و عدد ايام التسبيل ٥٠ % والنضج ٥٠ % و طول السنبلة الرئيسية وعدد سنيبلاتها وعدد حبوبها ووزنها وعدد و وزن حبوب النبات ووزن ١٠٠٠ حبة (جم) والوزن الحيوي (الناتج البيولوجي) طن/هكتار و ناتج الحبوب (طن/هكتار) ودليل الحصاد (%). تفوق الصنف بحوث ٢١٠ في أغلب الصفات بحيث أعطى أعلى محصول حيوي ١٠,١٥ طن/هكتار و ناتج حبوب ٤,٢٦ طن/هكتار في حين كان متوسط عام التجربة من الوزن الحيوي ٨,٥٣٨ طن/هكتار والحبوب ٢,٩٠ طن/هكتار على التوالي. ولقد تفوق الصنف زلاف فى صفه مكاوي الذي (Landraces) وزن ١٠٠٠ حبة ٥٩,٣٣ جم ودليل الحصاد ٥٠,٣٣ %. مقارنة بالصنف الاصيل سجل تدنيا ملحوظا في أغلب الصفات المدروسه إذ بلغ المحصول الحيوي ٧,٣٧ طن/هكتار و محصول الحبوب ١,٧٠ طن/هكتار و وزن ١٠٠٠ حبة ٢٩,٦٧ ج م ودلي ل الحصاد ٢٤,٣٣ %. يستخلص من هذه الد ا رسة بأن الصنفين بحوث ٢١٠ الحديث وزلاف القديم هما أفضل الاصناف أداء اً و تكيف اً لمنطقه الد ا رسة. كما يمكن زيادة البحث والتدقيق لمواسم عدة وفي بيئات مختلفة تمثل مواقع الانتاج بالبلاد لتأكيد النتائج وخاصة أن استنباط الاصناف بمركز البحوث يختلف من بيئة لاخرى.
سهام محمد علي الزويك محمد علي الزويك, راضية عمر محمد سالم, ابراهيم عبد الله ابراهيم, مصطفي علي العاقل(6-2020)